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Herman Melville - A Journey Through Literary America
A Journey Through Literary America
  • Herman Melville
  • August12th

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    It is now August 12th. In less than two months, my wife and son and I will be hitting the road in a one-way Budget SUV rental, headed from Santa Monica, California to Boston, Massachusetts. It will be a reverse journey in terms of the history of American literature: the California coast that became a symbol of promise—of sunshine and well-defined noirish shadows—backwards through Salt Lake City—the location that Brigham Young declared was “the right place” for his band of followers in 1847, eastward over the Rockies, through the prairies and past the isohyetal line of rainfall that defines the American Desert, back through the settlements of farms and white houses of Illinois and Ohio. A stop along the way will be Cooperstown, New York, founded by the father of James Fenimore Cooper—once the greatest “painter” in words of the American landscape. Then we will pass through the Berkshires of Massachusetts (once home to Melville and Hawthorne) on the way to Boston and to Concord, where the first shots of the Revolutionary War had been fired, and the first blood spilled, before Emerson, Hawthorne, Thoreau and Alcott made it their home.

    As preparation, I have been reading a book I once read in paperback, in my teens: Blue Highways, by William Least Heat Moon, copyright 1982. Least Heat Moon, half Native American (they were called Indians in those days), leans against a cane on the back jacket of the 9th printing that I borrowed from the library, a short-looking man with a thick head of hair, a pair of suspenders, and a soulful look in his level gaze. If I am right about his stature, it probably served him well for the long journey he took. After losing his job and, to some degree, his wife, he got in a van he named “Ghost Dancing” and drove around the country, sleeping in the van most nights.
    The "bust" of William Least Heat Moon

    “Bust” of William Least Heat Moon

    William Least Heat Moon he explained the source of the book’s title thus:

    “On the old highway maps of America, the main routes were red and the back rods blue. Now even the colors are changing. But in those brevities just before dawn and a little after dusk—times neither day nor night—the old roads return to the sky some of its color. Then, in truth, they carry a mysterious cast of blue, and it’s that time when the pull of the blue highway is strongest, when the open road is a beckoning, a strangeness, a place where a man can lose itself.”

    11

     

    Detail of 1960 road map, with blue highways.

    The above passage is typical of Blue Highways. Well-wr0ught, with a sense of rhythm and depth that suggest miles on the highway spent working out the sentences. Least Heat Moon’s observations, I am pleased to say, remain as trenchant as they did when I first read them.

    Cover of the paperback version I read in my youth

    This is the cover of the bestselling paperback I read in my youth

    The text has aged well. Sadly, I bet 90% to 95% of the people he profiled along the road—venerable American men and women who were denizens of the blue highways—have passed away.

    The atlas I have been consulting for our own travels is “The Mapquest Atlas,” copyright MMIIV, it says (a Roman numeral which doesn’t exist, I think) which I got for free with a book club offer. It is from back in the days when Mapquest was in its ascendancy and Google was perhaps nothing yet but a twinkle in is founders’ eyes. I felt bad obtaining it, with its jaunty Mapquest logo, even though it was free. Road atlases, it seemed to me, were the proper domain of Rand McNally. In my Mapquest atlas, the interstates are blue, with narrow white lines in the middle like a digestive tract, and the blue highways of the past are red or orange or nonexistent. Even when he made his jaunt, it seems like half the towns he visited out of curiosity, towns such as Liberty Bond or Moonax, Oregon, had already vanished from anything but his map. Towns like Nameless, Tennessee had ninety residents and a general store. Nameless has not been effaced. I can call it up on Google maps. The so-called”street view,” shows a bend in the road and the driveway of an unidentified house which seems to be in some other township though.

    The terrain around Nameless
    Picture 3

    Blue Highways is great for stirring the traveling blood. And it is useful for travel tips, though I don’t know how well the following one has aged: according to the author, the best kinds of cafe are the ones with the most calendars.

    No calendar: Same as an interstate pit stop.

    One calendar: Preprocessed food assembled in New Jersey.

    Two calendars: Only if fish trophies present.

    Three calendars: Can’t miss on the farm-boy breakfast.

    Four calendars: try the ho-made pie too.

    Five calendars: Keep it under your hat, or they’ll franchise.

    Unfortunately, that is one my little family may have difficulty putting to the test. With an eighteen month-old son, and a limited window of time, we’ll need to keep mostly to the interstates, which generally preclude eating establishments of an original nature. But it is a trip, and a trip all the way across the country, and nothing can take away the epic nature of that.

    Book Update: due to a paginating error, what I thought would be a rubber stamp of approval on the plotter proofs turned into another wait for a new set of plotter proofs to be made. I won’t belabor the details of what exactly happened. The lesson learned is that not everything in printing can be anticipated, not even if one has been in the business for over a decade. Tune in again in a few days and I hope you will read that A Journey Through Literary America has gone to press.

  • January1st

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    Clyde “Winesburg” Ohio

    It was pitch dark and my motel, with its faux colonial columns seemed to be surrounded by empty space when I arrived that night from Lorain, Ohio. I was somewhere near Sandusky. That night I heard the sounds of several freight trains running past, and heard the mournful sound of the whistle. I had forgotten how much I loved that sound. We used to live close enough to the train tracks in the South End of Burlington, Vermont to hear the Central Vermont freight trains that rumbled by.

    The next morning I breakfasted at the continental buffet. I sampled from many of these “added bonuses” in my journey through Literary America. This one consisted of some bagels and miniature tubs of processed cream cheese, toaster waffles with flavored corn syrup, square slabs of white or wheat bread, already going stale, generally poor coffee. Since dawn had broken, I could see my surroundings, which were pretty much empty fields. I broke camp and got on the road. I wanted to be in Clyde before noon.

    More evidence of trains in Clyde: separate tracks coming around a bend and converging just before Main Street, before running off into a green tunnel of trees and underbrush on the other side. I found a parking spot in the shade near a house from whose porch some president had once made a speech. I was only a few blocks from the library—a Carnegie library with a prominent gothic turret with the names of the United States’ early writers carved into the granite: Longfellow and Hawthorne, Melville, and others. The library has a pleasant addition to it. At one time, Sherwood Anderson’s books had been banned from this library. Nowadays, there is a room devoted to him. Researchers welcome.

    After spending some time there I left the choicest streets behind for a while and walked down Spring Street to look for Anderson’s first home. The Anderson family had not owned the house. They merely rented. Perhaps as a consequence, the first home of Clyde’s most famous son is unmarked. It was, at the time I passed by, an upholstery shop. Close by was the former site of the spring that had given the street its name. It was covered over after a child drowned there.

    My notes from the visit include the following, which I wrote about the side streets:

    “The houses seem like they should be huddled close together, like commuters on a sparsely-filled platform, waiting on a train. Thin-shouldered and plain commuters, with elbow room in mind. Anderson would have seen a story in each one.”

    A few blocks further on I found the Waterworks. A stream meandered through a cut in a grassy field, into the waterworks basin at one end and out the basin at the other. In the 1950’s, a writer and photographer, David Scherman and Rosemarie Redlich, traveled through the United States photographing literary sites for a book called (coincidentally) Literary America. They had come through Clyde, and photographed some boys fishing at the waterworks. There were no boys fishing there the day I came through, though the area is now a town park. In fact, the entire downtown seemed strangely deserted; plenty of cars parked but no residents on the the street except for one young man who went to get a haircut and for the county fair, whose carnies were setting up the rides near the former train depot.

    main street clyde

    The commercial blocks of Main Street still look pretty much like they did in Anderson’s time. Behind them, on both sides of the street, run the back alleys that once fascinated Anderson. They are not as fecund, nor as confining, nor as littered with refuse as they were in his day. But they still demonstrate the symbolic power the author saw in them: on the Main Street side, the buildings show their public facades, and in the alley they display something more private, less ordered.

    I walked down a few more of the nicest streets, such as Main Street and Buckeye Street. Clyde is full of beautiful trees and has some impressive houses. Green backyards open onto other green backyards, In one of those backyards is the watering trough that used to be part of the county fairgrounds, now replaced by a public school. I would have loved to see it.

    I can see why the residents of Clyde were upset by Anderson’s book. It has been pretty well proven that, although the names of some of the characters in Winesburg, Ohio had a strong resemblance to the names of real residents of Clyde, the lives of those (mostly unhappy) characters were not lifted from the real people. Clyde really felt like Sherwood Anderson’s town, nonetheless. Anderson had described a small town in Ohio with a great deal of accuracy. The fact that nearly all of the residents of Winesburg had unhappy inner lives was Anderson’s take on life, I think. These were the “ugly things of life” as Anderson described them in a letter to the editor he sent the stories to. I don’t believe he had meant to impugn the people of his home town. For a humorous take on this, see the Onion newspaper’s article on Wal Mart coming to Winesburg.

    I wish I could recommend some restaurants in Clyde but I had to get over to Akron before the end of the day. I drove on some country road through the farmland outside of Clyde for a little while but, fearing that I would get lost, I meandered back to the main route and left the town behind.